EVALUATION OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE FARMING PRACTICES IN RURAL PAKISTAN

Abstract

The growing global demand for food and agricultural commodities has exerted tremendous pressure on natural ecosystems, leading to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and ecological imbalance. While modern intensive farming systems have substantially enhanced agricultural productivity, they have also intensified challenges such as soil erosion, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, and greenhouse gas emissions—posing significant threats to environmental sustainability.

This study explores strategies to increase food production through sustainable agricultural practices while minimizing environmental impacts under field conditions in Sindh, Pakistan. Specifically, it evaluates the effectiveness of organic farming, integrated pest management (IPM), conservation tillage, efficient water management, drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and crop diversification.

A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses based on both primary and secondary data sources. Real-time experimental trials were carried out at the Latif Experimental Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. The findings provide valuable insights into the transition toward sustainable agriculture, offering strategies to enhance food security and promote environmental conservation.

This research presents practical recommendations for policymakers, researchers, farmers, and development organizations, emphasizing the importance of region-specific approaches that balance productivity with ecological sustainability. Overall, it underscores sustainable agriculture as a pivotal pathway toward achieving long-term environmental resilience and economic stability.